Fluid-actuated motor.



Patented lan. 29, |90I.

H. L. ARNOLD.

FLUID ACTUATED MOTOR.

(Application filed Apr. 9, 1900.'

5 Sheets-Sheet l.

No Model.)

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.NN/ v m."

. Patented lan. 29, |90l. H. L. ARNDLD.

FLUID ACTUATED MOTOR.

(Applicatiun tiled Apr. 9 1900.: (No Model.)

5 Sheets-Shea 3.

`Nul 666,840. A Pa'tented-lan. 29, 190|.

H. L. ARNOLD. FLUID ACTUATED MDTUR..

' (Application led Apr. 9, 1900.1 (No Model.) 5 Sheets-Sheet 4.

. Patented 1an.- 29, |901. 6 H. L..Anum n.

FLUID AGTUATED MOTOR.

(Application med Apr. 0, 1900 5 Sheets--Sheet 5.

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[faQ/enz??? I-IORAOE L. ARNOLD, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.,`ASSIGNOR TO JOHN A.HILL, OF

SAME PLACE.

FLUlDnACTUATED MOTOR.

SPECIFICATION forming` part of Letters Patent No. 666,840, dated January29, 1901'.y

Application filed .April 9, 1900. Serial No. 12,174. (No model.)

To @ZZ zoll/m t may concern;

Be it known that I, HORACE L. ARNOLD, a citizen of the United States,residing in New York, (Brooklyn,) in the county of Kings and State ofNew York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inFluid-Actuated Motors, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to motorsdriven by 1o any suitable fluid-forinstance, steam or compressed air; and it has for one object theprovision of a simple and compact machine of such construction that itwill be in. perfect standing and running balance and in which the usualconnecting-rods and crank-shaft are dispensed with. p

A further object of the invention is the provision of a series ofchambers, each constitutinga cylinder, disposed around a common zo axisand equipped with pistons Athe rods of which cooperate with aresistance-surface.

A further object of my invention is the provision of a carrier having aseries of chambers, the end of the carrier constituting the head for allof said chambers and each chamber having projecting therefrom a guidefor the rod of the piston mounted within the chamber.

A further object of the invention is the pro- 3o vision, in connectionwith aseries of cylinders, of an inclined or cam-like resistance-surfaceagainst which the force of the pistons is directed and by which thereciprocatory movement of the piston is converted into rotary motion andthe power-shaft of the motor is thereby actuated. Either thecylinder-carrier may be fixed to the motor-shaft and the cam or inclinedsurface be stationary or this construction may be reversed and the cam4o be secured to the motor-shaft, while the cyli-nder-carrier having theseries of chambers is stationary, for in each construction the resultwill be the same and reciprocatory motion will be converted into rotarymotion.

A further object of the invention is the provision ofantifriction-rollers or equivalent devices for cooperation with thepistons of the cylinders and the resistance or cam surface, wherebyfriction is reduced to a minimum.

5o A furl her object of the invention is the provision of cams throughthe instrumentality of which the shaft is rotated andthe pistons are1returned to their starting positions in the' chambers of thecylinder-carrier.

A further object of the invention is the pro vision of a valve ofpeculiar construction for regulating the admission of motive duid to thepiston chambers or cylinders, said valve being adjustable` in such a waythat it may be shifted either to drive the motor in a for- 6o ward or areverse direction, as circumstances require, or to vary the quantity ofmotive fluid supplied to the motor-cylinders or shut off the supply ofsaid iiuid.

In the accompanying` drawings, Figure 1 65 is a longitudinal verticalsection of a motor embodying my invention, -taken on line at m, Fig. 2.Fig. 2 is a plan view,partiallyin section, of my improved motor. Fig. 3is a side elevation of a form of valve employed de- 7o tached from themotor. Fig. 4 is a righthand end view of the valve. Fig. 5 is atransverse section ot' the valve on line a d, Fig. 3, looking in thedirection of the arrow. Fig.

6 is a front end view of the motor. Fig. 7 is 75 a rear end view of themotor. Fig. 8 is au end view of the motor-cylinder carrier with the headthereof removed,the valve and [inidsupply pipe being in section. Fig. 9is a diagram of the main resistance surface or cam, 8o graphicallyillustrating by dotted lines the position of a roller carried by one ofthe pistous as it traverses said surface. Fig. lO is a similar View ofthe surface of the pistoncontrolling cam cooperating with the main cam.Fig. 11 is a side elevation of the cylinder, piston-guides, and shaft ofthe motor detached. Fig. l2 is a detail in section, illustrating themanner in which the rollers carried by the piston-rods of the motor are9o mounted. Fig. 13 is a perspective View of the ring t'or adjusting oneof the cam-surfaces. Fig. leL is a developed View of the valve, showingthe ports in position for driving the motor in a forward direction. Fig.l5 is a similar view showing the ports of the valve in a differentposition relatively to the supply-ports of the motor. Fig-16 is adeveloped view of the valve, showing the ports employed when it isdesired to reverse loo the movement of the motor; and Fig. 17 is asimilar view-showing the valve-ports in a diferent position withrelation to the motor-supply ports.

Like numerals designate similar parts throughout the several views.

Referring to the drawings, the numeral 5 designates suitable frameworkcomposed, in the construction illustrated, of a base 5`Y and upright-s52, 53, and 54 for su pporting the parts of the motor.

Journaled in bearings of the uprights 53 and 51 of the frame is a hollowshaft 6, carrying at one end a pulley or other power-transmitt-er 7, andintegral with this shaft is a cylinder-carrier 9, having a series ofpistonchambers or individual cylinders lO, 11, 12, and 13, projectingfrom each of which is a tubular longitudinally-slotted guide(designated, respectively, by the numerals 10', 1l', 12', and 13') foraccomplishing a purpose hereinafter set forth. Secured to thecylinder-carrier 9 is a disk 8, which constitutes the head for all ofthe cylinders 10, 11, 12, and 13, and projecting from said disk is ahollow journal 8,mounted in a bearing of the upright 53.

Mounted within the piston chambers or cylinders 10, 11, 12, and 13 arepistons 14, 15, 16, and 17, respectively, which are equipped at theirends with suitable antifriction devices, (shown as rollers 18 1S,)although the invention is not limited to any particulardevice of thischaracter. These rollers are mounted for free rotary movement on rods orbolts 19, secured in the end of each pistonrod, and one of said rollersrotates on an intermediate portion of the bolt 19 and is received withina slot 2() in the end of the piston-rod. Slots 21 are formed in each ofthe piston-rod guides for permitting free play of the bolts, and saidbolts subserve the further purpose of preventing rotation of thereciprocating pistons on their axes. Slots are also formed in eachpiston-rod guide to receive the stationary resistance-cam 22. (See Fig.1.)

Cooperating with the rollers 18 is an inclined surface, (shown in thenature of a cam 22 and illustrated dagrammatically in Fig. 9,) and thiscam-surface as the pistons are reciprocated to force the rollers 13against the same causes the cylinder-carrier 9 to be moved in the lineof least resistance, or, in other words, in a rotary path. Cooperatingwith this cam-surface 22 is asecond cam-su rface 23, having annndulatory outline, and against this last-named surface the rollerlSbears, and the two surfaces combine to canse the retraction of eachpiston and its rod at certain points in the rotation of thecylindercarrier.

For the purpose of taking up wear or for adjusting for any reason thecam-surface 23, which is adjustably secured by bolts S0 passing throughslots S1 in the wall of a shell or casing 24, a threaded ring 25, (seeFig. 13,) having a series of Spanner-holes 26, is threaded into saidshell 24, and by turning this ring cette@ the inner side thereof willbear against. the piston-controlling cam-surface 23 and adjust the same.Shell 24 is, as shown in Fig. l, equipped with a base 24', through whichsuitable screws 27 are passed for securing the shell to the standard54of the frame, and this base 24 is also cut out at a point concentricto its axis to receive the tianged portion 22' of the cam-surface 22,bolts 28 serving to secure said cam-surface rigidly in position to saidstandard 54. In this manner avery rigid and compact structure isprovided, all danger of vibration orchatteringof the framework and ofthe pistons cooperating therewith is avoided, and the shell acts tocover and protect the cam-surfaces and the pistonrod guides.Furthermore, the compact construction of the cylinder-carrier 9 and itsattached parts serves in the manner of a iiywheel to equalize themot-ion and store up power when the motor is in action.

Projecting from the carrier, and preferably integral therewith, is themain power-shaft 6 of the machine, which is cored out at 30 and has atthe end opposite the journal 8' an eX- tension 92, journaled in thebearings of the standard 54, and to which extension a pulley '7 or othermeans for transmitting power is secured, as before stated.

Mounted within the journal 8' and shaft 6 is a valve of peculiarconstruction,which will now be described, and this valve consists, inthe illustration given, of a cylindrical sleevelike structure,(designated by 31,) on a reduced portion of which the hub 32 of theadjusting handle or lever 33 is secured, as shown in Fig. 1. This valve31 is mounted for endwise reciprocation and adjustment over a stationaryHuid-supply pipe 34, said pipe being provided with a series of openings35, through which the motive finid escapes to the interior of the valve.Valve 3l is so mounted that it will be held stationary as regardsrotative movement no matter how adjusted, and it is provided ata point.intermediate its length with ports 3h' and 37, through which when thevalve is in the position shown in Fig. 1 motive finid is allowed to passand enter, through ports 38 and 39, respectively, the chambers orpiston-cylinders 14and 1G to force the pistons thereof forward, andthereby cause the rods at the ends of said pistons, with their coactingrollers, to be driven against the stationary inclined cam-surface 22 androtate the shaft 6.

It will be observed that the ports or openings 36 and 37 of the valve 31are of peculiar shape and that as the cylinder-carrier E), with itsports 38and 39 and 3S' and 39', rotates over them from the positionshown in the developed plan of the valve in Fig. 14 to that representedin Fig. 15, cut off of the motive fluid delivered by the pipe 34 willensue and said fluid will then be employed expansively to drive thepistons 14 and 16 forward, causing them to do their Work.

Mounted in or secured in any suitable man- IOO IIO

ner to the handle 33 of valve 3l is a detent 40, (shown as aspring-actuated pin,) and this detent cooperates with any of a series ofdepressions or notches 4l in a holding-plate 42, secured in anydesirable man nerto the standards 52 53 of the frame. By adjusting thisvalve endwise the ports thereof may be made to cover or uncover more orless of the openings 38 and 39 leading to the cylinders 10 l2 of' thecarrier 9, and thereby the amount of motive fluid delivered to saidcylinders may be regulated With nicety or the supply shut off atpleasure.

Referring to Fig. 3, it will be seen that the body of the cylindricalvalve is channeled out at 43 43 and the cylinders are so distributedaround the axis of the valve that when one pair of cylinders-forinstance, l0 and l2-is receiving motive fiuid through ports 36 and 37 ofthe valve the other pair of cylinders l1 13 is exhausting through ports38 and 39 into the channels 43 43 of said valve. (See Fig. 8.)

Located at some distance from the ports 36 and 37 of the valve are otherports 44 and 45, which when the valve is adjusted to its limit withinthe shaft 30 will admit motive fluid to the pistons of the cylinderswhen the rollers of said pistons are on the portions of the inclinedsurface or cam 22 which are utilized to give a reverse motion to themotor. In this manner by a simple adjustment of the valve the motor maybe driven in one way or another way, as desired.

Any even number of single-acting cylinders and pistons may be used setin a circle about a common axis of revolution, the bore of the cylindersbeing parallel to said axis of revolution, and while I have shown in thedrawings four cylinders and pistons it is distinctly to be understoodthat my invention is not limited to this number.

Each cylinder has a port adjacent to the cylinder-head on the sidenearest the axis of revolution, and the cylinders, the piston-rod guidesprojecting therefrom, and the shaft preferably constitute a singlecasting.

The middle portion of the cylinder-carrier 9 between the four cylindersis bored, in the construction shown, to form a cylindrical seat for thevalve 31, and, as above pointed out, this valve maybe movedlongitudinally to vary the point of cut-off and to stop, start, andreverse the motor, as desired. While in the drawings this endwise motionof the valve is shown manually controlled, itis distinctly to beunderstood that the invention is not limited to such construction, for,as is obvious, the valve may be placed under the control ot' a governor,and it may also be constructed so as to cause the motor to turn in onedirection only.

The exhaust from the cylinders passes through the center of themotor-shaft and leaves the motor at the driving-pulley end.

As shown, the pistons and piston-rods are integral, the latterprojecting forward away from the cylinder-heads and being preferablyround in section and of such diameter that they will slide freely in thepiston-rod guides 10' 1l' 12' 13, which are axially coincident wit-l1the bores of the cylinders in which said pistons reciprocate. In theconstruction shown the cams 22 and 23 are so shaped and proportionedthat they coact with the rollers 18 and 18 closely to control thepistons in their positions in the cylinders at all points in the'revolution of the cylinder-carrier 9, and these rollers traverse the undulatory surfaces of both the cams.

In some constructions the piston-control-A ling cam 23 may be dispensedwith; butit is, however, conducive t0 even wear and perfect control ofthe positions of the pistons to employ said cam, for the rollers beingin rapid action on the undulatory cam-surface are better kept inabsolute contact with said surface by said cam than by weight, spring,or elastic pressure, for the latter can only be relied upon to preservethe contact between the rollers and the main cam-face Within certainspeed limits, and if said rollers are not kept constantly in contactwith the cam-face chattering and vibration occur, detrimental to thelife of the machine.

When the valve 3l is in its mid-position, the ports in the cylinderscommunicate with the exhaust-spaces 43 43 only, and when said valve ismoved a little either Way the mot-ive fluid is admitted between thecylinder-heads and the pistons at the proper time to cause said pistonsto advance.

As will be understood, the admission-ports of the valve 31 are enlargedlaterally as they recede from the mid-position, so that the farther thevalve is moved in either direction from its mid-position the greaterwill be the supply of motive fluid to the pistons in their cylinders,this continuing up to the limit set by the precise design of thevalve-port openings shown; but the invention is not limited to anyparticular form of' valve-port openings, for these may be modied asdesired. In the drawings the ports are so constructed that themotive-fluid admission is from Zero to nearly one half thepiston-stroke, expansion being relied upon to drive the piston throughthe final half of' each working stroke, and the valve may be so set thatit will govern the admission lead, which would in some degree take workof'f the cam 23 and its rollers 18'; but as the cams are very easy intheir angles the admission lead and exhaust compression are not soimportant as they would be with crank-connected pistonfmotors.

The cams may be variously constructed and may have either a single riseor a single fall in a complete circle, or two or more rises or falls. Ifthe cams have only one rise and one fall in the cam-circle, then eachpiston will make one double stroke-that is to say, one working strokeand one idle exhauststroke-foreach full revolution of the motorcylindersabout the motor-shaft axis, and' if IOO IIO

thecams have two rises and two falls of camsurface then the piston willmake two double strokes for each revolution of the cylinders and with asuitably-ported valve will make two working strokes and twoexhaust-strokes While the cylinder-carrier 9 makes a full revolutionabout the axis of the shaft 30. Preferably I employ cams, as shown inthe drawings, having two rises and two falls and a double-ported valve,so that each piston makes two working strokes for each revolution of thecylinders; but myinvention is not limited to this construction. Fourcylinders and four pistons are shown, and with this arrangement two ofthe pistons are always acting on the stationary cam 22 to cause themotor-shaft to revolve. If the cams are symmetrical and the pistons areof the same individual weight, then, since the pistons reciprocatelongitudinally in pairs both back and forth, if the motor is instandingr balance it will also of necessity be in running balance. Inthe construction shown the cam-surfaces (illustrated diagrammaticallyinFigs. 9 and l0) cause the rollers carried by the pistons to conform intheir movements substantially to the movement of a wrist-pin carried bya wheel or disk. (Shown in dotted lines in each of said views.) Asbefore stated, however, these cam-surfaces may be variously constructedwithout departure from my invention.

The invention is not limited to the precise details illustrated anddescribed, nor is it essential that the parts be arranged andproportioned exactly as set forth. It has been found, however, inpractice that the construction described is very simple and compact,runs in perfect balance and without vibration, and is peculiarly adaptedfor use in driving automobiles or motor-vehicles or other machines ordevices for which it is designed.

Having described my invention, I claiml. In combination, with a cylinderand its piston, an inclined resistance-surface co peratiug with thepiston-rod; a power-transmitting medium set in motion by said elements;a guide projecting from the cylinder and serving to prevent axialrotation of the piston; means carried by the piston-rod and traveling insaid guide; a stationary piston-controlling cam located adjacent to andopposite the inclined resistance-surface; and antifriction devicescarried by the piston-rod and located in the groove formed between theresistance-surface and said cam.

2. In combination with a cylinder and its piston, a resistance-cam; aroller carried by the pistou-rod and in engagement with theresistance-cam; a guide projecting from the cylinder; a device carriedby the piston-rod and working in said guide; a stationarypiston-controlling cam; and a roller carried by the piston-rod and inengagement with said cam.

3. In combination with a cylinder and its piston, a resistance-cam; aroller journaled in a slot of the piston-rod and bearing against saidcam; a slotted guide projecting from the cylinder; a bolt on thepiston-rod entering the slots of the guide, and carrying a roller at itsend and a piston-controlling cam with which said roller is inengagement.

4. The combination, with a carrier containing a series ofconcentrically-disposed cylinders each having a port and a slottedpistonrod guide, of means forsupplying motive fiuid to said cylinders; aseries of pistons mounted in said cylinders; a shaft projecting from thecarrier and having journals mounted in bearings of the frame; a easing;a resistancecam mounted within said casing and projecting into the slotsin the piston-rod guides; a piston-con trolling ca m; and rollerscarried by the piston-rods and in engagement with the resistance andpiston-controlling cams.

5. The combination, with a series of cylinders and their pistons, of aseries of slotted guides projecting from said cylinders; devices carriedby the piston-rods and travelingin the slots of said guides; aresistance-cam coperating with the piston-rods; a shaft rotated by saidpiston-rods and resistance-cam; a stationary piston-controlling camdisposed adjacent to the resistance-cam; and antifriction devicescarried by the piston-rod and bearing against the resistance-cam and thepiston-controlling cam.

6. The combination, with a series of cylinders and their pistons, of adisk-like head for said cylinders, said head having a journal; a hollowshaft journaled in the frame; an adjustable valve located within saidshaft, said valve having ports for governing the supply of motive fluidto the cylinders; and a resistance-surface cooperating with thepiston-rods of said cylinders.

7. The combination, with a carrier having a series of cylinders, of aseries of slotted guides projecting from the cylinders; a series ofpistons mounted in said cylinders; rollers carried by bolts on thepiston-rods, said bolts projecting into the slots of said guides; acam-surface cooperating with said rollers; a piston-controlling cam; androllers carried by the bolts and bearing against said pistoncontrollingcam.

8. The combination of a carrier, having a series of cylinders, eachhaving a slotted piston-rod guide; of a hollow shaft integral with saidcarrier and journaled in the frame; a valve mounted for longitudinaladjustment within said shaft; ports connecting said valve with thecylinders; a series of pistons mounted in the cylinders; devices carriedby the piston-rods and movable in the slotted guides; antifrictiondevices carried by the piston-rods and a resistance-cam and apiston-controlling cam with which said antifriction devices are inengagement.

9. The combination, with a carrier having a series of cylinders, of adisk constituting the head for all of the cylinders; a hollow journalcarried by the disk and mounted in a bearing of the frame; a tubularshaft pro- IOO jecting from the carrier and also mounted in a bearing ofthe frame; a series of pistons mounted iu the cylinders of the carrier;a stationary cam coperating With the rods of said pistons; a cam forcontrolling the movements of the pistons and cooperating with saidstationary cam; and valve mechanism for controlling the supply of motivefluid to the cylinders. v

10. The combination, with a cylinder and its piston, of aresistance-cam; a casing surrounding said cam; a piston-controlling camadjustably mounted in said casing and antifriction devices carried bythe piston-rod and in engagement with said cams.

'11. The combination, with a cylinder and its piston, of aresistance-cam; a casing surrounding said cam; a piston-controlling cam;and means for adjusting one of said cams'with relation to the other cam.

12. The combi-nation, with a carrier having a series of cylinders, of aseries of pistons mounted Within said cylinders and each having aprojecting piston-rod; antifriction devices carried by said piston-rods;resistance and piston-controlling cams With Which said antifrictiondevices arein engagement; a casing surrounding said cams; and meanscarried by the casing for adjusting one of said cams with relation tothe other cam.

13. The combination, with a cylinder and its piston, of a casing; aresistance cam mounted Within said casing; a piston-controlling cam'also mounted Within the casing; a ring threaded into the casing foradjusting said piston-controlling cam; and antifriction devices carriedby the piston and in contact with the resistance and piston-'controllingcams.

14. The combination, with acarrier having aseries ofconcentrically-disposed cylinders, each having a piston-rod guide, of acasing surrounding said piston-rod guides; a resistance-cam located Within said casing; a pistoncontrolling cam located Within the casingopposite to said resistance-cam; a series of pistons having rods, eachrod carrying a device movable in the piston-rod guide; andantifriction-rollers carried by said device and in engagement With theresistance and pistoncontrolling cams.

15. The combination, With a carrier having a series ofconcentrically-disposed cylinders, of a plate closing the ends of all ofsaid cylinders, said plate having a hollow journal; a tubular shaftconnected With the carrier; a series of pistons mounted in the cylindersof the carrier; resistance and piston-controlling cams by Which thepiston-rods are controlled in their movements; a casing surrounding saidcams; means for admitting motive iiuid to the cylinders; and alongitudinally-adjustable valve located Within the hollow journal andtubular shaft for regulating the supply of such motive fluid to saidcylinders.

16. A carrier provided with a series of cylinders concentric to its axisand having integral with said carriera tubular shaft, in combinationwith a disk secured to one end of the carrier and having a tubularjournal; a series of pistons mounted in the cylinders of the carrier; aresistance-surface cooperating with the piston-rods to cause rotation ofthe carrier and shaft; and means for supplying motive iiuid to thecylinders.

17. The combi-nation, with a carrier having a series of cylinders, of aseries of pistons mounted in said cylinders; a series of slottedpiston-rod guides projecting from the carrier in line with thecylinders; a stationary resistance-cam projecting into the slots of saidguides; a stationary piston-controlling cam; and antifriction devicesbetween the pistonrods and said cams.

18. The combination, With a carrier having a series of cylinders, of aseries of pistons mounted in said cylinders; a series of slottedpiston-rod guides projecting from the carrier; a stationaryresistance-cam entering the slots of said piston-rod guides; rollerscarried by the piston-rods; and a stationary cam coperating with saidresistance-cam to control the movements of the pistons.

19. The combination, with acarrier having a series of cylinders, of aseries of pistons mounted in said cylinders; a series of slottedpiston-rod guides projecting from the carrier; a stationaryresistancecam entering the slots of said piston-rod guides; cross-boltscarried by the piston-rods; rollers journaled on said bolts and enteringthe slots in the piston-rods; rollers journaled on the free ends of saidbolts; and a piston-con trolling cam with which said last-named rollerscoperate.

20. The combination, With a series of cylinders, of means for regulatingthe supply of motive Huid to said cylinders; a series of pistons mountedin said cylinders; an undulatory resistance-surface; antifrictiondevices carried by the piston rods and operating against said surface; astationary piston-controlling cam; antifriction devices carried by thepiston-rods and cooperating With said cam; and means for adjusting saidcam.

2l. The combination, with a rotative carrier having a series ofcylinders` and with a tubular shaft integral With said carrier, of adisk for closingone en'd of said carrier, said disk having a tubularjournal; a series of pistons mounted in the cylinders of the carrier; aresistance-surface coperating With said pistons; a fluid-supply conduitmounted Within the hollow journal and tubular shaft; and an adjustablevalve for controlling the passage of i'luid from said supply-pipe to theports of the cylinders.

22. The combination, With a cylinder and its piston, of a tubular shaft;a fluid-supply pipe located Within said shaft; and an endwise-adjustablevalve surrounding said supply-pipe and having a port communicating Withthe port in the cylinder.

23. The combination, with a carrier having a series of cylinders, of atubular shaft; ase- IOO IIO

ries of pistons mounted in said cylinders; a fluid-supply pipe locatedWithin the tubular shaft; a valve sleeved on said fluid-supply pipe andhaving ports for controlling the passage of motive fluid from saidsupply-pipe to the cylinders; and means for adjusting said valve.

24. The combination, with a rotative carrier having a series ofcylinders, of a disk constituting a head for all of said cylinders andcarrying a journal; a hollow7 shaft projecting from the carrier; aseries of pistons mounted within the cylinders; a resistancecamcooperating with the pistons; a Huidsupply pipe mounted Within thetubular shaft; a valve sleeved on said pipe and having a series ofports; and means for effecting an endwise adjustment of said valve.

25. The combination, with a carrier having a series of cylinders, of atubular shaft; ahol- 1o\v journal projecting from said carrier; afluid-supply pipe mounted Within said journal and shaft; a valve sleevedon said supplypipe and equipped with a series of ports for regulatingthe passage of motive Huid to the cylinders; a series of pistons mountedwithin the cylinders; a resistance-surface cooperating with the pistons;a piston-controlling cam; and means for adj listing the valve to controlthe admission of motive fluid to said cylinders.

26. The combination, with a carrier having a series of cylinders eachhaving a port, of a series of pistons and piston-rods mounted in saidcylinders; a fluid-supply pipe; a valve sleeved on said fluid-supplypipe and having a series of ports for controlling the passage of fluidfrom said supply-pipe to said cylinders; means for longitudinallyadjusting said valve; and a resistance-surface cooperating with thepistons of said cylinders.

27. The combination, With a carrier having a series of cylinders eachequipped with a port, of a series of pistons and their rods mounted insaid cylinders; a resistance-cam; a shaft connected with the carrier; afluidsupply pipe; a valve sleeved on the supplypipe and having ports ofgradually-increasing area; and means for longitudinally adjusting saidvalve.

28. The combination, With a carrier having a series of cylinders, ofpistons and their rods carried by said cylinders; a series of pistonrodguides projecting from the cylinders; a tubular shaft projecting fromthe carrier; resistance and piston-controlling cam-surfaces;antit'riction devices carried by the piston-rods and cooperating withsaid cam-surfaces; a fluid-su pply pipe mounted within the tubularshaft; and a valve having a series of ports mounted for endwise adjustment on said iluidsupply pipe.

29. The combination, with a carrier having a series of cylinders and atubular shaft, of pistons and their rods inserted in said cylinders; aplate constituting the head for all the cylinders and having a hollowjournal; a perforated fluid-supply pipe mounted Within said journal andshaft; a valve sleeved on the fluid-supply pipe and having a series ofports; means for adjusting said valve; a resistancecam against which theforce of the pistons is directed; a piston-controlling cam; andantifriction devices carried by the piston-rods and located between saidcams.

30. The combination, with a carrier having a series ot cylinders, of aseries of pistons and their rods mounted in said cylinders; aresistance-cam; a shell or casing surrounding said cam; apiston-controlling cam; antifriction devices between said cams; and aring threaded into the casing for adjusting one of said cams withreference to the other.

3l. The combination, with a carrier having a series of cylinders, eachcylinder being provided With a slotted piston-rod guide, of a series ofpistons and their rods mounted within said cylinders and said guides; abolt carrying rollers located at the end of each piston; aresistance-cam with which one set of said rollers cooperates; apiston-controlling cam with which the other set of rollers cooperates;and means for adjusting said piston-controlling cam.

32. The combination, with a carrier having a series of cylinders eachequipped with a port, of a series of pistons and their rods mounted insaid cylinders; a series of slotted pistonrod guides projecting from thecylinders; a resistance-cam; rollers movable in slots of the piston-rodsand cooperating with said cam; a piston-controlling cam; rollers carriedby the piston-rods and cooperating with said piston-controlling cam; ashell or casing surrounding said cams; and a ring threaded into saidcasing for adjusting the piston-controlling cam.

33. The combination, with a carrier having a series of cylinders, ofguides projecting from said cylinders; a series of pistons and theirrods mounted Within said cylinders and guides; a shaft connected withthe carrier; a resistance-cam against which the force of the pistons isdirected; a cam for controlling the movements of the pistons; and avalve having ports for admitting motive lluid to said cylinders andhaving passages for receiving the exhaust from the cylinders.

34. The combination, with a series of cylinders, of pistons mounted insaid cylinders; a duid-supply pipe; and a valve sleeved on said pipe andhaving ports for admitting motive fluid to the cylinders, and exteriorchannels intermediate the ports for receiving the exhaust from thecylinders.

35. The combination, With a series of cylinders and their pistons, of aresistance-surface coacting with the piston-rods; a shaft rotated by thecooperation of said elements; and a valve having ports for admittingmotive iiuid simultaneously to a pair of cylinders and also havingexterior channels for receiving the exhaust from said cylinders.

36. The combination, With a series of cyl- IOO IIO

also having a series of reversing-ports; means for adjusting said valveendwise within the tubular shaft; a resistance-surface coperating withthe piston-rods a shell or casing su rrounding said resistance-surface;a cam l0- cated Within said shell or casing; and a threaded ring havinga series of spannerzo holes for adjusting said cam.

HORACE L. ARNOLD.

Witnesses:

WM. H. BLODGETT, F. N. CHASE.

